Rolf Clauberg: List of Publications

This article analyses the economic evolution of several dominant groups of countries to understand the present international relations between these groups in the global economy as well as the driving forces of the observed as well as potential future changes. The groups analyzed in this article are the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), the G7 group, and the European Union. For analyses we use public announcements and actions of these groups, existing scientific analyses from other authors, as well as published economic data from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. We find that the driving forces behind the activities of these groups are the economic changes in the global economy which led to a fight for power between the incumbent world power and the powers which challenge the incumbent. While there are economic dependencies between the groups which could lead to a de-escalation of the present situation, the strong posting of the groups’ leaders make this unlikely without changes of governments in their countries.

This article analyses the changes in the world economy and international relations from after World War II to mid-2023, with the goal of identifying indicators for future changes in the world order. It uses existing analyses about the historical development of the last 500 years to identify the main facts signaling changes in the world order. History shows that such changes of the leading power are usually accompanied by trade wars and also real wars between the old and new powers. One driving force found behind the present actions is the discrepancy between the economic evolution of several members of the BRICS group, especially China, and the present structure of global institutions of power neglecting these changes. We see multiple networks of countries with different coupling strengths working together to achieve their goals - the developing countries for enabling a change in the world order and the developed countries for stopping this. The latest developments point to an increase of activities from both sides.

This article is dedicated to one of the most actual topics of our time — the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in all its fields of application. AI will impact all parts of our economy, changing or eliminating existing jobs as well as creating new ones. The article analyses the different opportunities and threats for artificial intelligence systems with a model that extracts the threats and opportunities from the characteristics of the technology and the requirements of potential applications. Main application classes are reactive and creative applications. The reactive class is based on classification plus corresponding actions with subclasses like monitoring, autonomous systems, and expert support systems. The creative class generates new methodologies, technologies, and styles of art. Opportunities, threats, and side effects are analyzed for each application class with examples for each class. We find huge opportunities, but also serious potential threats and side effects. Important opportunities are in medical diagnostics, development of new technologies and materials, and improvement of safety and security in public as well as industrial areas. Most serious threats are AI based terrorist attacks. Serious possible side effects are the disappearance of complete classes of jobs due to highly efficient expert support systems as well as an increasing dependance on AI solutions in all aspects of our society. Of course, the development of artificial intelligence puts humanity before a choice on which our future depends.

This article examines the particular importance of the German-Swiss vernacular dialects for Switzerland and in particular for the German-speaking Swiss. After a brief look at the population structure of Switzerland and the associated national languages, we focus on German-speaking Switzerland as the largest part of Switzerland and the role of the German and SwissGerman language. First the written languages are compared, then the spoken languages. Although there are clear differences in the written languages, they are still so close together that German-speaking Swiss can easily communicate with Germans or Austrians. It is completely different when communicating with the dialects. Communication within the SwissGerman dialects is possible here, but extremely difficult between Germanspeaking Swiss and Germans. The Swiss-German dialects play a very important role in the national self-image of the Swiss, especially as a demarcation from Germany and definition of the German-speaking part of Switzerland and even the Swiss national understanding.

This article analyzes the potential chances and threats to modern civilizations and economies caused by cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence. Literature describing the evolution of cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence is analyzed for discerning the underlying forces driving these evolutions, the potential chances brought by these new technologies as well as the most serious threats stemming from these technologies. Special emphasize is given to the merge of operational technology and information technology and corresponding cyber-physical systems in critical infrastructure, industrial plants, and unmanned aerial vehicles. For cyber-physical systems in critical infrastructure and industrial plants we find the chances driving the evolution mainly in enhancements of productivity and improvements of efficiency and ease of use within their existing markets. For unmanned aerial vehicles the corresponding chances are mainly new applications, in markets accessible before only with high risk for human life and health. For the threats we try to estimate the size of threats from previous events and the potential to realize these threats from what is needed for the realization and what is easily available in terms of hardware, software, and technical knowledge. The threats for both areas are mainly in cyber-terrorism and cyber-warfare.

This study aims at identifying the challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and business administration. The implementation of digitalization schemes as Industry 4.0 are presently official policy of many developed countries. The goal is optimization of production processes and supply chains. Artificial intelligence is also affecting many fields. Both technologies are expected to substantially change working conditions for many people. It is important to identify the kind and impact of these changes and possible means to minimize negative effects. For this purpose, this study uses previous results about the disappearance of manufacturing jobs in the USA and their impact on different groups of society together with technical information about the new technologies to deduce expected changes caused by digitalization and artificial intelligence. Results are that both technologies will destroy large numbers of jobs and complete job classes while at the same time creating new jobs very different from the ones destroyed. Extensive permanent education and reeducation of employees will be necessary to minimize negative effects, probably even changes to a more broad-based education to improve the potential of job changes into completely new fields. In addition, the technical information about digitalization in cyber-physical systems points to dangers that will require solutions on the international level.

This article analysis the threats to cybersecurity in the pure information technology range as well as for cyber-physical systems. It is argued that the existence of the international dark-net business makes unambiguous identification of attackers extremely difficult and that this substantially lowers the barrier to attacks on critical infrastructure and industrial facilities. International approaches to counter these dangers show only limited successes and enhanced confidence building activities between countries look necessary to avoid large disasters.

This article analysis the economic development in the USA to explain the change from strong support of global trade to a protectionist policy. It finds that the overall economic development for the USA was positive for more than the last 20 years, but that the gains of this development were highly concentrated with negative gains for more than 60% of the US population. Causes are the inability of the system to adapt to a changing portfolio of available jobs as well as large automatization in industry.

Ethernet is the predominant layer-2 networking technology in the datacenter, and it is evolving into an economical alternative for high-performance computing clusters. Ethernet traditionally drops packets in the event of congestion, but IEEE introduced lossless class services to enable the convergence of storage and IP networks. Losslessness is a simple, well-known concept, but its application in datacenters is hampered by the fear of ensuing saturation trees. In this article, the authors aim to accelerate the deployment of Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN). In particular, they first eliminate the intrinsic unfairness of QCN under typical fan-in scenarios by installing the congestion points at inputs, instead of at outputs as standard QCN does. They then demonstrate that QCN at input buffers cannot always discriminate between culprit and victim flows. To overcome this limitation, they propose a novel QCN-compatible marking scheme called "occupancy sampling." They have implemented these methods in a server-rack fabric with 640 100-Gigabit Ethernet ports.

Single-chip SDH/SONET framer architectures are described that permit data aggregation from several line ports. After presenting an overview of the usual parallel approach and an extension thereof that exploits distributed algorithms, we introduce a novel data-multiplexing architecture that should be suitable for accommodating data from a relatively large number of ports in a single device. In combination with the new virtual concatenation feature of SDH/SONET, this architecture should also allow transport of data from high-bandwidth applications over multiple wavelengths or multiple fibers.

The example chip operates with 14 externally provided system clocks plus four clocks recovered from input data streams and 36 corresponding internal clock domains, it also couples a large digital design to a mixed-signal part in physical design

A finite-difference beam-propagation method is derived directly from the vectorial Maxwell equations. The new approach allows the analysis of coupling between various components of the electric-field vector for optical beams propagating in dielectric waveguides as well as corresponding changes in the beam-polarisation state.

High electron density effects on photoyield and electron energy distributions have become important in several electron spectroscopies and in electron microscopy since the availability of high intensity photon and electron sources. In this work we show that such effects also lead to limitations in voltage sensitivity and time resolution in photoemission and electron beam sampling measurements of voltage signals if picosecond time resolution is required. The influence of high electron densities in picosecond pulses for these methods is analyzed theoretically and compared with experimental results in photoemission sampling. It is shown that the space charge limitation to the number of electrons per pulse which can be emitted from a sample and the energy broadening of the pulse owing to the Coulomb repulsion between the electrons impose significant limitations on the voltage sensitivity of photoemission sampling and of electron beam sampling with a pulsed high intensity cathode. Also the time resolution is degraded by the space charge limitation in photoemission sampling and by the Coulomb broadening in electron beam sampling. The theoreticalanalysis of these effects is done within a simple electrostatic model for the space charge and Coulomb effect and a derivation of a generalized brightness condition from the Liouville theorem of statistical physics which includes the high electron density effects.

The dependenc of spin-resolved photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra on short-range magnetic order below and aboveT c is investigated within a bulk interband transition model. The spectra are calculated in a 2000-atom cluster of bcc-Fe with local exchange field configurations, which are random subject to an assumed spin-correlation function. The model continuously bridges the gap between the disordered-local-moment picture (no short-range order) and a local-band picture(massive short-range order). Special emphasis is given to the analysis of factors like group velocity and the symmetry of the wave function by investigating special points in the Brillouin zone. Comparison with experimental data reveals a short-range order of at least 4 A (corresponding to a nearest-neighbour correlation of about 0.4) near Tc .

Calculated spectra of photoemission from Ni(110) with the use of a single-step model of the photoemission process and with the inclusion of self-energy corrections within the t-matrix approximation are compared to the results of a recent energy-, angle-, and spin-resolved photoemission experiment with linearly polarized light. The power of this technique to study electronic structure of correlated, magnetic solids is for the first time fully exploited. Good agreement is found not only in peak positions, but also in relative intensities as well as line shapes. In addition, evidence is provided that surface relaxation is important for the full understanding of the electronic structure of this particular crystal surface.